skinner



Patented Nov. 22', 1898.

C. W. SKINNER. SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION.

(Application filed Nov. 8, 1897.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No MOIVIBI.)

W T ESSES INVENTOR.

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N0. 6I4,507. Patented NOV. 22, I898. C. W. SKINNEB.

SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION.

(Application filed Nov. 8, 1897.) (No Model.) 2" Sheets-Sheet 2.

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NITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

CHARLES WILBER SKINNER, OF TROY, OHIO, ASSIGN OR OF ONE-HALF TO ROBERTC. DAUGHERTY, OF SAME PLACE.

SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 614,507, datedNovember 22 1898.

Application filed November 8, 1897. Serial No. 657,793. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES WILBER SKIN- NER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Troy, in the county of Miami and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Pipes and Systems ofIrrigation; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in pipes and system of irrigation;and it consists in employing pipes provided with nozzles of peculiarform and other novel features, as will be fully described, anddistinguished in the claims, according to the statute made and providedtherefor.

The main objects of my invention are the construction of a plant orsystem of irrigation that will be of both simple and ready constructionand of such small and trifling costas to be within the reach of smallmarket gardeners and nurserymen, and although particularly adapted forthe irrigation of agricultural lands it can also be used in the shape ofshort pipes and attached to an ordinary rubber hose for sprayingflower-beds and lawns of private residences. A further and veryimportant use of my invention is that it affords the best stationarymeans yet found for spraying the streets and thoroughfares of cities andtowns.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, andin which similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in all theseveral views, Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the practicalapplication of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view showing my inventionin the form of a short pipe attached to an ordinary rubber hose as usedto spray the grounds of private residences. Fig. 3 is an enlargedtransverse sectional view of the short pipe shown in Fig. 2 providedwith more "than one row of nozzles when it is desired to more quicklyspray the grounds. Fig. 4; is a vertical longitudinal sectional view ofa portion of pipe, showing one of the nozzles opened or in use and oneof the nozzles when not in use as closed by means of a Wooden plug. Fig.5 is a perspective View showing a portion of my irrigating-pipes with anordinary form of pipe-wrench gripping the horizontal pipe when it isdesired to rotate the same and throw the water in an opposite direction.Fig. 6 is a side View of my irrigating-pipes, showing a T having a shortpipe or handle connected to the horizontal pipe for rotating the samewhen it is desired to throw the water in an opposite direction. Figs. 7and 8 are different forms of upright standards for supporting thehorizontal pipes.

Referring to the numerals of reference as aforesaid, 1 represents shortvertical pipes of suitable height connected in a proper manner to a citywater-main or any reservoir having a water-supply of sufficientpressure. 2 is a valve for regulating the current of water in itspassage from and into the horizontal pipe 3, said Vertical andhorizontal pipes being connected together at their screw-threaded endsby an ordinary screw-threaded elbow 4. The pipes may be preferablyarranged in parallel rows or at right angles orin any form that will bebest adapted to cover the largest area with water, according to thenature of the ground to be sprayed.

Fitted into internally-soreW-threaded open ings 5, at a few feet apart,are inserted the externally-screw-threaded ends 6 of a num ber of smallnozzles 7, each having a main bore or opening 8, which forms an insideannular shoulder 9 at its top, and connecting with said main bore is asmaller bore or discharge-opening 10, which is of small enoughcircumference so that a strong but compact stream or jet of waterwill beforced by its pressure through this discharge-opening, and as thehorizontal pipes are rotated by means of a small pipe 11, which forms aconvenient handle and is connected byits screw-threaded end to a T, asshown in Fig. 6, having screw-threaded connection with a horizontal pipe3 and a short pipe 12, which in turn has screw-threaded connection withelbow 4,their nozzles are brought to a slight incline, and in thisposition the stream or jet of water, by reason of its pressure and theconstruction of the main bore 8, annular shoulder 9, and smalldischarge-bore 10, is thrown in a compact stream at sufficient height tocatch any breeze or variations of the air, and is thus spread in an evenspray over the land to be irrigated or street to be sprayed or watered.

Pipe 11 has its end provided with a plug 13 or a screw-threaded cap forsecurely closing it, which is adapted to be readily removed at alltimes, so as to allow any deposits of dirt or sand to be immediatelywashed out by the action of the water.

When the nozzles are not in use and for the purpose of protecting theirdischarge opening 10, or when it is desired to use onlya certain numberof nozzles, so as to spray only a certain distance or spread a certainamount of water over the ground, a soft wooden plug 14 is employed toclose said discharge-opening, which aifords a ready and inexpensivemethod, or, if desired, the top ends of the nozzles 7 may bescrew-threaded and have a screwrthreaded cap placed over bore 10.

For the purpose of supporting the horizontal irrigating-pipes 3,especially when said pipes are of great length, owing to the area to besprayed, I employ standards or upright supports 15, as illustrated inFigs. 7 and 8, which are inexpensive and can be readily constructed andbe forced into the ground to any desired height, the style shown in Fig.7 comprising an upright standard 15, formed withatapering and pointedend and provided at its top with rollers 16, which revolve and turn orroll the pipes, so as to bring their nozzles in the direction desiredwhen said pipes are rotated, although I preferably employ the styleshown in Fig. 8, consisting of a standard 15, formed with a tapering andpointed end and provided at its top with a flat piece or strap of metal19, securely attached to its standard at 20 by nails or screws andhaving its ends 21 bent at right angles, so as to support the horizontalirrigating-pipe and allow it to roll or turn when it is rotated, as justabove described.

The horizontal pipes 3 by means of their screw-threaded ends can bereadily rotated when the short pipe, T, and handle, as shown in Fig. 6and above described, are provided; but this is not essential, as thehorizontal pipes may be constructed plain and without any stationarymeans for turning them, as

shown in Fig. 1, and any convenient device or tool that will grip themmay be used-as, for instance, an ordinary pipe-wrench, such as isillustrated in Fig. 5.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a style of irrigatingpipe for spraying the lawnsor small flowerbeds of private residences, consisting of a small pipe 3,provided with a row of my nozzles 7, or two rows when desired, as shownin Fig. 3. Pipe 3 has one end closed by a removable cap or plug 22, soas to allow of the grit, sand, or sediment in the water to be washedout, while the other end is adapted to have a screw-threaded connectionwith the end of an ordinary rubber hose provided with a cook 23 at thepoint where its mouthpiece is removed.

My system of irrigation when used in spraying vegetable and flowergardens or nurserystock or like purposes may have its irrigating-pipesconnected with a reservoir containing any liquid poisons forexterminating any dangerous insects or parasites which may be destroyingthe vegetables, flowers, or trees such, for instance, as in the case ofpotatoes, liquid paris-green may be used for extermt nating thepotato-bugs and will be found the most effective means for this purpose.

\Vhen my pipes are used in irrigating agricultural lands located too farfrom the watermain of a town to connect therewith, any ordinaryforce-pump may be used in the usual manner for forcing the water throughthe pipes.

I do not limit myself to the exact style or form of any of the parts ofmy improved pipes and system of irrigation, as they may be somewhatvaried without departing from the spirit of my invention; but

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a system of irrigation, a device for r0 tating the pipes,comprising a T, a short handle pipe, having a removably-closed end,connected thereto, substantially as set forth.

2. In a system of irrigation, a pipe having openings, in combinationwith a nozzle 7 having a continuous discharge-opening forming a largeand small bore, an inside annular shoulder between said large and smallbore; the end of said pipe making a screw-threaded connection with a T,provided with a short pipe or handle, substantially as set forth.

3. In a system of irrigation, the combination with a pipe havingopenings, of nozzles each having a continuous discharge-opening; the endof said pipe making a connection with a T provided with a short handlepipe; and a short pipe having a connection with said T and an elbow; ofavertical pipe provided with a valve and connected to said elbow,substantially as described.

4- The combination in a system of irriga tion, of pipe 3 having openings5; nozzles 7 each having the large bore 8 the small bore 10, the annularshoulder 9 between said large and small bores; the T connected to saidpipe and provided with the short handle pipe 11; the short pipe 12located between and making a connection with said T and an elbow; theelbow at; the vertical pipe 1 provided with the valve 2 and connected tothe said elbow; and the standard 15 for supporting the longitudinalpipe, one end of which is adapted to be forced in the ground, the otherend pro- Vided with the rollers 16, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth and specified.

5. In a system of irrigation, the combination with an irrigating-pipeprovided with screw-threaded openings, of nozzles each having acontinuous discharge-opening forming a large and small bore, an insideannular shoulder between said large and small bores;

said pipe adapted to form a connection with 10 a rubber hose providedwith a cock, substantially as specified. In testimony whereof Ihaveaflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES WILBER SKINNER. Witnesses:

F. M. BURNHAM, O. F. GRosvENoR.

